The JFK Assasination Conspiracy Essay Example for Free

The JFK Assasination Conspiracy Essay The Assassination at Dealy Plaza President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas Texas on November 22nd November as his limousine drove through Dealy Plaza. Thousands of people had lined up to view his motorcade including dressmaker Abraham Zaprieder whose film captured the assassination. This happened at 12.30 pm and the president was immediately rushed to parkland Hospital where, despite all efforts to keep hi alive, he was pronounced dead. The time of his death was 1 pm and against the wishes of the Texas authorities, his body was flown to Washington where a further autopsy was performed at Bethesda Naval Hospital. On the 25th of the same month, JFK was laid to rest at Arlington National Cemetery. What followed next was a series of events that left the entire American pubic asking questions of who killed JFK? Lee Harvey Oswald A former marine and defector to the Soviet Union named Oswald was arrested as a suspect on the same day at 2pm. According to the Oliver Stone movie JFK, the assassin spent his summer of 1963 in New Orleans. The attorney that would later investigate in the JFK murder Jim Garrison theorized Oswald as an outsider and Leninist. Oswald has returned to Dallas in 1962 to live in a milieu with intelligence overtones. He married a KGB official’s niece and questions always arise on how the assassin managed to get a high profile job. He was interrogated the whole weekend and as he was being taken to the county facilities, he got shot and died on National television by a local club owner Jack Ruby. False claims put forward by the warren report do not even center on the president’s murder but on Jack ruby. One claim is that Ruby was alone in the killing and that he entered the police basement with the help of the police department probably through an unlocked staircase. This was actually a contradiction as compared to the story corroborated by four officers one of whom failed a polygraph test. This shows conspiracy and corruption among the police. Even president lyndon was later quoted saying that he has no doubt that Oswald was not alone even though its Oswald who pulled the trigger. The Warren report This was ordered by JFK’s successor Lyndon Johnson on 29th November 1963 on executive order 11130 to investigate the assassination of both the president and his assassin. According to the Warren report, the members in the Commission were: Earl Warren, Chief justice of the United States and attorney general of California. Richard Russell, democratic senator from Georgia, and county attorney in that same state. Hale Boggs, a representative from Louisiana. John Sherman Cooper, Republic senator from Kentucky and United States Ambassador to India. Gerald r. ford, Republican representative from Michigan and Chairman of the House Republican conference. Allen Dulles, lawyer and former director of the Central Intelligence Agency. John J. McCoy, lawyer, former president of the international Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and former United States High Commissioner for Germany. It was assisted by lawyers, Internal Revenue service agents, a senior historian, an editor, and secretarial and administrative personnel who were assigned to the commission by Federal agencies at its request. Officials and the Federal government cooperated with the commission who has power to force witness statements by granting protection from being prosecuted to having the witnesses confess under compulsion, though no immunity was given to witnesses during the investigation. It reviewed reports from the FBI, secret service and held hearings with 552 witnesses. The report was presented to president Lyndon on 24th September 1964 and later on, 26 volumes of the Commission’s hearings were published. All these were put on the National archives and Kennedy’s family donated autopsy reports to the archives which were under limited access, and only recognize experts in pathology are approved by the family’s representatives. Critics came up challenging the report’s findings as it had more controversies yet there were witnesses. Oswald was ruled to have fired three bullets with one missing target, and the remaining two which hit JFK and the governor John Connally. Its not understood how Connally was wounded soon after JFK thus the Single bullet theory which indicated that one bullet hit both men. Kennedy’s aid Kenneth O’Donnell who rode in the motorcade later said that he was pressured by the FBI not to say what he believed that, the gunfire came from the front and not the back as indicated by the report. The Single bullet theory The theory’s proponent was Arlen Specter, the present Pennsylvania senator. The Warren commission took the theory and concluded that Oswald was the lone killer of JFK. It states that one bullet his JFK in the back and exited on is neck, hitting Connally in the back, leg and, wrist.   This has come to be termed as the magic bullet. One bullet missed and the third and fatal one hit Kennedy on the head. Dallas doctors argue that it was an entrance wound but the doctors who actually saw the wound insist that it is an exit wound. Conspiracy authors claim that because of the collar slits, it had to be an entrance wound. Which is also a contradiction because, how can a bullet which was able to penetrate the tracheotomy fail to penetrate Kennedy’s shirt. In Dr. charles Carrico’s statement before the warren report, he said that the wound was above the tie and later on, he says that it was in the â€Å"lower 1/3† of the neck. In the movie JFK, Kevin Costner gives a conspiracy version of this theory, what really happened if Connally was seated in front of Kennedy at the same height and facing ahead? The Garrison Investigation Jim Garrison, a New Orleans District Attorney began investigating the assassination in 1966 after arresting a David Ferrie, a pilot and anti castro activist who was connected to Oswald. This led to the arrest of Clay Shaw, a New Orleans Businessman. Garrison believed that the CIA, anti-Castro Cuban exiles, and homosexuals were involved in the assassination. Garrison’s main witness was Perry Russo who claimed that he had attended an â€Å"assassination party† where Shaw, Oswald, and Ferrie discussed on murdering the president. Later on, Russo’s statement was questioned when it emerged that he was hypnotized and a drug called sodium pentothal used on him. Before the hypnotization, Russo failed to mention the party. This evidence led to clay Shaw being acquitted. In the Oliver Stone movie JFK, we see the jury foreman Sidney Herbert claiming that after the trial, he thought more decidedly on the warren report. Another film The JFK Assassination: The Jim Garrison Tapes, it can be seen that Russo later returned on his earlier version of statement that there was actually an assassination party. The Medical Evidence An HSCA (House Select Committee on Assassination) was created to handle assassinations of both JFK and Martin Luther King. It has special panels that examined the physical evidence and their finding was a fact that a knoll had been used but missed. The medical panel challenged this when they reaffirmed the single bullet theory earlier visited. The Parkland Hospital doctors’ findings appeared incorrect when the HSCA reports showed that the back of the head was intact with blood free hair, with only a small red spot near the cowlick. In contrast, doctors describe a large gaping wound with brain tissues from the cerebellum extruding. In Dr. Charles Crenshaw’s book conspiracy of silence, he claims of Kennedy’s head at the back blown off, indicating that the grassy knoll was sot from the front. On page 2, he states that the entire right hemisphere was obliterated, and in age 86, he claims that the right hemisphere looked like a crater, an empty cavity. The wound on his neck indicate an entrance wound thus it was a shot from the front. He also claims that knowing that there existed a conspiracy, doctors were afraid to talk. Between the two hospitals, Kennedy’s body had been altered. This leaves us with questions. For instance, was the back of Kennedy’s head blown out? Are the autopsy photos faked? The Bogus Evidence Conspirators believe that the evidence against Oswald was tampered with by the Dallas Police. The police claimed on recovering three cartridges which perfectly correspond to the three shots heard by people at the Plaza. But an Author by the name of Noel Twyman claims that only two spend rounds were found. Evidence of the authorities suppressing evidence was seen when after the assassination; a government agent and an officer were seen picking up a slug. One of Jack ruby’s strip dancers Karen Carlin whose stage name was â€Å"little Lynn â€Å"also came forward and testified that she known of the plot to kill Oswald. After mysteriously disappearing, she came back in 1992 and claimed that Ruby had told her to call him on Sunday morning and later he would send her $25 for her rent and shopping, just before Oswald was shot. This was to create an alibi and justify that it was just an impulsive act of revenge that he shot Oswald. Karen said that Gary Shaw, Carlos Marcello and Santos Trafficante were behind the conspiracy to kill Oswald. It is also seen how witnesses, even the most sober ones made wild and wacky statements. For instance, one witness named JC price claimed that Kennedy and Connally were in different cars and last shot came five minutes later after the first ones. Austin Miller testified that the shots came from inside the limousine. Jack Franzen said that secret service agents were behind the limousine and some had firearms. A.J Millican was quoted testifying that, â€Å"Just after the Presidents car passed, I heard three shots come from up toward Houston and Elm right by the Book Depository Building, and then immediately I heard two more shots come from the Arcade between the Book Store and the Underpass, and then three more shots came from the same direction only sounded further back.† Who Killed JFK? This is the question that will forever remain in people’s mind. The fact that many groups or people had motives to murder JFK makes the case even more difficult and wit many unanswered questions. There are claims that Kenney was killed because he withdrew the American troops from Vietnam during the cold war. Other’s say that Oswald was impersonated by Fidel Castro, the Cuban President who it is believed had motives too because the CIA, Cuban exiles and mob members wanted to eliminate him. Fletcher Prouty believes that it was a coup d’etat to overthrow the government and that is wasn’t an assassination of one man. The shock of the assassination has been covered up and the case is one of the greatest unsolved crimes of the century forty years down the line. Today, polls show that millions of the American public believes that there was a conspiracy and Oswald wasn’t alone. The opinion poll is shown to have risen from 52% in 1963 to 89% in 1993. Journalist Hugh AynesWorth believes that this is the most investigated homicide in history and being a witness himself, he says that e has spent most of his career life in investigating the various theories that have come up in the JFK murder. In his book, he speaks o himself as a young Dallas newspaper reporter who was right in he spot as history unfolded in his very own eyes. To him, its pure and simple that there is no evidence in the unfolding theories. Although the Warren report is faulty, Hugh has no doubt it unfolded right. Works cited Peter Dale Scott, Deep politics and the Death of JFK Scott talks of a conspiracy as seen by the police department in Dallas.    James H. Fetzer, The Great Zapruder Film Hoax: Deceit and Deception in the Death of JFK As much as the film captured the murder, here were still controversies with the doctors on the ext spot where the bullet hit JFK. Charles Crenshaw, conspiracy of Silence Shows the many conspiracy theories and Dr.Crenshaw’s story as a physician in Parkland Hospital    JFK, an Oliver Stone Movie    The JFK Assassination: The Jim Garrison Tapes JFK case still not closed, by Joe Havely CNN, The documentary shows the 40 years that have passed and still, the Kennedy assassination continues to fascinate. The Warren Report, http://www.jfk-assassination.de/warren/index.php viewed on 25th April 2008 Gives a detailed view on the creation of the report, its members, and the critics. The Kennedy Assassination by John McAdams An article on the events from the death of JFK, to the conclusions as per today.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The JFK Assassination, http://www.prouty.org/giamarco.html, viewed on 23rd  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   April 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The David Giarmaco story of 1998 when he revisited the JFK murder.

The Negative Effects of Nuclear Energy :: Nuclear Energy Negative Essays

In 1950, the first commercial nuclear power plants were constructed. The public was promised a non-polluting and resourceful type of energy, but how safe was, and is, nuclear energy? Although there are less than 500 licensed nuclear power plants in the world, many nuclear accidents have already been endangering civilian lives. More serious accidents are not just likely, but inevitable (Fairchild 29). Nuclear energy may appear to be the ideal source of energy for the future: however, there are many negative effects of nuclear energy that can lead to very dangerous situations. Energy has always been among the basic human concerns, along with food and shelter. It takes part in all activities, from walking to the operation of even the most complicated equipment. Mankind has been faced with the challenge of meeting its energy needs without risking human health and the environment. The many types of energy are mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, radiant, and atomic (Microsoft Encarta). In 1987, oil supplied 32% of the energy worldwide. Coal was next in line with 26%, then natural gas with 17%, biomass 15%, and nuclear energy with only 4% (Galperin 19). With the main sources of our energy running low, nations look to new sources to provide our society with power. Nuclear energy, the newest type of energy, was researched to see if it would be the most promising type of energy for the future. Surprisingly, nuclear energy was discovered by accident. In 1896, the French scientist, Antoine Henri Becquerel, conducted an experiment with uranium salts and found that these salts gave off their own light when exposed to sunlight. Marie and Pierre Curie were fascinated by the possibilities of Becquerel’s rays. The Curies discovered exactly what the rays were and then named the phenomenon radioactivity (Halacy 6). During World War II, many scientists from around the world came to the United States to work on nuclear reactors and weapons. With much success, they continued after World War II and concentrated more on nuclear energy. The scientists instantly saw that nuclear energy would be a great source of power because of the amount of power it released. Splitting an amount of uranium equal to one penny would produce as much energy as seven and a half tons of coal (Lilienthal 85). A nuclear power plant is where energy is formed when nuclear fission or fusion takes place. So far, however, only the power of fission has been controlled and used for energy. There are many parts of the nuclear power plant, including the reactor, generator, control room, cooling systems, and the electrical, air, and water lines. The heart of the nuclear power plant is its reactor core, which contains a few hundred fuel assemblies. The reactor core is encased in a pressured steel tank

Using the Law to Protect the Environment

Introduction When defining the environment, Dimento (2003) states that it comprises of both natural and anthropogenic elements that are not only mutually interrelated, but has an impact on the ecological balance, life, human health, historical and cultural heritage and the landscape. From this definition, the environment comprises of three main things, the natural resources, the fauna and flora, and the properties which form part of the cultural heritage (Shelton & Kiss 2005). The misuse of environmental resources and pollution worldwide has prompted commitment from governments and major stakeholders to put in place measures to protect the environment, and, consequently, environmental laws are being enacted in an effort to protect the environment (Dimento 2003). The environmental resources cannot be rejuvenated once depleted; neither can it protect itself from misuse and pollution. Therefore, only the law can be used to protect the environment. Putting in place laws in charge of the environment w ill speak loudly about how the environment can be used sustainably as well as give prior warnings to those who may intend to misuse or pollute the environment. Laws usually give directions and consequences of going against such directions. Environment has its own rights and any violator of such rights will only be answerable to the law. According to UNEP, environmental law looks at the features of the protection programs which have been put in place to safeguard specific aspects of the environment and natural resources, such as water, air, waste and endangered species. It is also the reference point for judges presiding over environment related cases (Thirlway 2003). Before 1960, the environmental law did not exist as independently as other domestic or international legal issues (Shelton, Kiss & Kanami 2003). However, international laws in place currently to help tackle the scientific issues which affect the environment, such as uncertainty issues, sustainable development, issues of diversity and settings issues of individuals and the society, and economics aspects of the environment (Fitzmaurice 2003). These laws seek to control the use of resources in a sustainable manner and to eradicate contamination of the environment through pollution and similar human practices. These laws, therefore, protects against loss of biodiversity, loss of fertility, desertification and famine, depletion of fishing resources, increase of cancers due to depletion of the ozone layer and damage of future generations (Zaelke, Kaniaru & Kruzikova 2005). According to the United Nations (2003), sources of environmental laws can be classified into two categories: the National laws and the International laws. The basis of the legal mechanisms of the environmental law include prohibition and restriction of activities such as pollution, product and process standards, prior informed consent, environmental impact assessment, and land use regulation (Zaelke, Kaniaru & Kruzikova 2005). General ly, these laws are formulated in such a way that they are preventive, that is, they prevent damage of the environment such that the use of some resources from the environment must be approved through rigorous exercises of environmental impact assessment and other similar regulations. This, in a broader perspective, helps in protecting the environment. Sanctions and penalties have also been put in place for those who fail to comply and this also helps in protecting the environment (Stanley, Johnson & Gunther 1993). References. Dimento, J., (2003)., The Global Environment and International Law, .University Of Texas Press. Fitzmaurice, M., (2003)., The Practical Working of the Law of Treaties, In International law, Oxford University Press. Tarlock, D., History of Environmental law. Environmental law and their enforcement, Vol 1, Thirlway, H., (2003)., The Sources of International Law, In International Law, Oxford University Press. (272) Shelton and Kiss., (2005)., Judicial handbook on Environmental law, UNEP, Hertfordsire, Shelton, Kiss & and Kanami., (2003)., Economic Globalization and Compliance with International Environmental Agreements. New York:, Kluwer Law International, New York. Stanley, Johnson and & Gunther., (1993)., Managing Fragile Ecosystems: Combating Desertification and Drought, The Earth Summit: The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) n.d United Nations., (2003),. Handbook of Final Clauses of Multilateral Treaties, United Nations Environment Programme, Division of Policy Development and Law (â€Å"Unep/Dpdl†) Zaelke, Kaniaru & and Kruzikova,. (2005),. Making Law Work, Environmental Compliance and Sustainable Development.,Cameroon.

Essay on Comparing Societies Why Utopian Freedom is Best

It is difficult to define freedom, because it varies drastically when interpreted by different ethnicities and individuals. Like many concepts that describe the human condition, freedom maintains certain features regardless of how it is interpreted. The relationship between freedom, justice and societal goals is one of these features. Through this relationship we will explore both the nature and the quality of freedom in Thomas More’s Utopia. What relationship exists between freedom, justice and societal goals? To answer this question we, like Plato, should look to a model society. Our model society will have a goal: a characteristic that makes a model citizen and which the populace desires to achieve. Our model society will also have†¦show more content†¦1, Para 4.) This view can be backed up by even the most cursory glance at Plato’s Republic, where the citizens are educated and given their path in life by the wise philosopher kings. Greek freedom, then, is following the path the wise set before you. Nelson also goes on to explain that for the Greeks the â€Å"purpose of civic life is†¦ happiness†(Nelson Sec. 1 Para 4.) Nelson’s position inaccurately summarizes Plato’s view that: â€Å"[Each man] has a job to do, and if he does not do it, his life is not worthwhile†(Plato, p. 104) A man’s job is his role in society; only by fulfilling his role, can he find fulfillm ent in life. Thus the ideal citizen is the man or woman who fulfills his or her role in society, meaning the desired characteristic is not happiness but duty. A fulfilling life is a happy one, so the purpose of civic life seems to be happiness; however the over-arching goal of all societies is in fact happiness. To look at a specific society, one cannot look at the over-arching goal, as Nelson does, or else one will not be able to accurately evaluate and compare that society with others. Nelson goes on to describe justice â€Å"as a natural balance among elements†(Nelson, sec. 1 para. 4), with the wise guiding and ruling those who are unwise so they may act in accordance with reason. In Plato’s Republic this is once again easily discerned from a glance at the structure of society, with the philosopher kingsShow MoreRelatedThe Failure Of Communism And Communism965 Words   |  4 Pagestwenty-first century. Capitalism and Communism have both been put forth as the best models for modern enlightened societies. Each philosophy contains both desirable and undesirable elements within its framework. Communism is based on a firm belief that fiscal and social equality is the path to an ideal utopian society. Capitalism is based on the principle of individuality, and the exercise of individual rights, freedom, and the liberty to pursue advancement in a competitive free market. 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